冬季活动时要注意保暖和安全

Cold weather tips for when you need to venture outside in the winter

Learn how to fight off some of the risks associated with winter's chill. Before bundling up to head outdoors, be sure to check both the temperature and the wind chill. 风寒表明空气在你皮肤上的感觉. 它与实际温度相差很大. Take extra safety precautions since low wind chills and cold temperatures can have dangerous effects on your body, 比如冻伤和体温过低.

• Frostbite occurs when parts of your body freeze from prolonged exposure to the cold. Warning signs include: numbness and skin that's white or grayish-yellow and unusually firm or waxy.
  
• Hypothermia sets in when your body is losing heat faster than it can produce it. There are several stages of hypothermia, 但常见的症状包括:无法控制的颤抖, memory loss, disorientation, slurred speech and drowsiness.

Victims with frostbite or hypothermia should receive immediate medical attention. 有关如何回应的更多信息， 看看这些来自美国红十字会的建议.

在冬季活动中考虑这些安全提示

当你出去冒险的时候，穿多一点! Wear wool, silk or polypropylene inner layers and a tightly woven or wind-resistant outer layer. Finish off with the essentials: a hat, water-resistant boots and gloves or mittens. 在参加户外活动时, 不要穿带带子或围巾的衣服, which can risk strangulation. 如果你觉得围巾是必不可少的, 把发梢紧紧地塞进大衣里, 或者选择一个盖住脸和脖子的绑带或面膜. 热身的时候脱掉衣服，汗液可以帮助散热.

滑雪或单板滑雪时的安全小贴士

These safety tips can help reduce your chances of injury when you're skiing or snowboarding:

• 学习如何停车、减速和转弯.
• 避免独自滑雪或单板滑雪.
• 佩戴经过认证的头盔和环绕式护目镜.
• 固定松动的带子或衣服.
• 确定适合你技能水平的路径.
• 每次跑步前后检查你的设备.

在冬季滑冰或打冰球的技巧

Keep these ice safety guidelines 在户外滑冰和打冰球时要记住:

• Stick to ice at least 4 inches thick and free of ice fishing holes and other debris.
• 避免在流水(如河流)上结冰.
• 戴上头盔:冰球头盔提供最好的保护.
• 穿戴合适的曲棍球装备，包括护垫和手套.
• 学习如何正确地在冰上摔倒.

Tips for snowmobile cruising

Learn how to ride a snowmobile safely 考虑以下建议:

• If you are a novice, consider taking a snowmobile or snow machine safety training course before your first outing.
• Wear a helmet that is 符合dot标准，适合使用. 摩托车和雪地摩托的头盔 similar，在重量、绝缘和屏蔽方面有所不同.
• 在寒冷的天气穿合适的装备，比如雪地摩托服, snow bib, 夹克和手套——帮助挡风, 排斥水并允许通风.
• Go snowmobiling in groups, and notify someone at home where the group is headed and the expected return time.
• 出发前检查天气情况.
• 如果在山区旅行，请检查 avalanche conditions.
• 如果可能的话，了解你骑行的区域. There may be hazards, such as washouts (melted snow, 流水或侵蚀对小径的影响, road or field), 在不熟悉的地方设置围栏和降落点.
• Before departing, check your machine's fuel and fluid levels to make sure they are sufficient for the trip. 检查机器的整体状况和运行情况.
• Avoid driving too fast for your comfort level, and keep speeds below 40 miles per hour at night.
• Stay on designated trails.
• 提前规划路线，避免在冰上行驶. 但如果这是唯一的选择，穿上救生衣.
• Ride sober, which includes avoiding prescription medications that may affect how you ride.
• 过马路时要小心.
• Avoid approaching wildlife.
• Carry a first-aid kit, water and non-perishable food in case of a mishap on the trail.

滑雪时的安全小贴士

在选择雪橇时，请注意以下几点:

• 转向装置和刹车装置
• 无尖锐边缘、裂纹或缺件
• A true sled, not substitutes like lunch trays, cardboard boxes or garbage can lids
• 选择一个由坚固材料制成的雪橇

找一个安全的滑雪场，要具备以下条件:

• Away from busy roads
• 底部有一个长而平坦的区域，用于停止
• Free from hazards and obstacles, such as trees, fences, ponds, rivers, rocks, poles and bare spots
• Covered in snow, not ice — icy slopes make it hard to steer or stop safely

教你的孩子以下的雪橇安全提示:

• Sled sitting up and facing forward — avoid sledding headfirst, facing backward or standing.
• 每次一个人下山，避免碰撞.
• 避免乘坐由移动车辆牵引的雪橇.
• 始终保持手臂和腿在雪橇内.
• Walk up the side of the hill.
• 不要插队或撞到别人.
• Kids younger than 5 should sled with an adult.
• Use helmets, winter jackets, gloves and boots to help with the cold and possibly protect from injuries.

根据2021年的一项研究 National Library of Medicine, over the previous few years, children accounted for almost 70% of sledding injuries treated in the ER, including head injuries. Some extra precautions may make a difference for your family’s safety while you have fun.

为冬天的寒冷做好准备

Preparation can be the best defense against the dangers of winter storms and cold temperatures.

• When planning travel, be aware of current and forecast weather conditions.
• Keep an up-to-date emergency kit, including:
  • Battery-operated devices, such as a flashlight, weather radio and lamps
  • Extra batteries
  • 急救箱和额外的药品
  • 在结冰的车道上用猫砂或沙子

看看这些寒冷天气的小贴士 ready your home for winter and 准备好你的车在雪地里行驶.

即使你生活在冬天不极端的地方, 预防低温. Have your furnace inspected so it can operate safely and smoothly if a cold front blows through. And don't forget about the risk of fog when warm daytime air meets cooler nighttime temperatures. Brush up on 雾天驾车的小贴士.